Asia-Pacific Social Research (APSR) is an open-access journal committed to the free exchange of knowledge. We believe that research should be accessible to all, without financial or legal barriers.

Open Access Policy

All articles published in APSR are made freely available online immediately upon publication, with no paywalls or subscription fees. Readers are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, and link to the full texts of articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.

Copyright Statement

Authors retain full copyright of their work. By submitting a manuscript, authors agree that upon acceptance and publication, their work will be distributed under a Creative Commons license.

Licensing Terms

All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows anyone to:
 • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
 • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
As long as appropriate credit is given to the original authors and the source, and any changes are clearly indicated.

License details: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Author Responsibilities
 • Authors must ensure that the manuscript is their original work and has not been published elsewhere.
 • If the manuscript contains copyrighted materials (e.g., figures or tables from other works), authors must obtain permission and properly attribute the source.
 • Authors must avoid plagiarism, data fabrication, and other forms of research misconduct.